feat: initial

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.claude
+.vscode
+compile_commands.json
+CLAUDE.md

kernel/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+build/
+output/
+iso/boot/kernel.bin

kernel/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+root_dir := $(dir $(abspath $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))))
+source_dir := $(root_dir)/src
+object_dir := $(root_dir)/build
+linker_script := $(root_dir)/linker.ld
+output_dir := $(root_dir)/output
+
+LD := ld
+CXX := clang++
+CXXFLAGS := -std=c++20 -fpie -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-stack-protector -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fno-common -mno-red-zone -mgeneral-regs-only -ffreestanding -Og -g -Wall -Wextra -Wno-reserved-identifier -I$(root_dir)/include
+
+source_files := $(shell find $(source_dir) -type f -name "*.cpp")
+object_files := $(patsubst $(source_dir)/%,$(object_dir)/%.o,$(source_files))
+
+$(object_files): $(object_dir)%.o : $(source_dir)%
+	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
+	@echo "Compiling $<"
+	@$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+kernel.bin: $(object_files)
+	@mkdir -p $(output_dir)
+	@echo "Linking kernel"
+	@$(LD) --build-id=none --no-relax -nostdlib -o $(output_dir)/kernel.bin -T $(linker_script) $(object_files)
+	@echo "Disassembling kernel"
+	@objdump -dC $(output_dir)/kernel.bin > $(output_dir)/kernel.asm
+	@objdump -DC $(output_dir)/kernel.bin > $(output_dir)/kernel_full.asm
+
+
+iso: kernel.bin
+	@echo "Creating ISO"
+	@cp $(output_dir)/kernel.bin $(root_dir)/iso/boot/kernel.bin
+	@grub-mkrescue -d /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc -o $(output_dir)/kernel.iso iso
+
+all: kernel.bin iso
+
+clean:
+	@rm -rf $(object_dir) $(output_dir) iso/boot/kernel.bin

kernel/include/init/init.h

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+[[maybe_unused]] [[noreturn]] __attribute__((used)) void init();

kernel/include/init/multiboot2.h

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "util/number.h"
+#include "util/function.h"
+#include "memory/pointer.h"
+
+namespace multiboot {
+
+inline constexpr uint32_t magic     = 0x36d76289;
+inline constexpr uint32_t alignment = 8;
+
+enum class tag_type : uint32_t {
+    end              = 0,
+    cmdline          = 1,
+    boot_loader_name = 2,
+    module           = 3,
+    basic_meminfo    = 4,
+    bootdev          = 5,
+    mmap             = 6,
+    vbe              = 7,
+    framebuffer      = 8,
+    elf_sections     = 9,
+    apm              = 10,
+    efi32            = 14,
+    efi64            = 15,
+    smbios           = 16,
+    acpi_old         = 17,
+    acpi_new         = 18,
+    network          = 19,
+    efi_mmap         = 20,
+    efi_bs           = 21,
+    efi32_ih         = 22,
+    efi64_ih         = 23,
+    load_base_addr   = 24,
+};
+
+enum class framebuffer_type : uint8_t {
+    indexed  = 0,
+    rgb      = 1,
+    ega_text = 2,
+};
+
+enum class mem_type : uint32_t {
+    available        = 1,
+    reserved         = 2,
+    acpi_reclaimable = 3,
+    nvs              = 4,
+    badram           = 5,
+};
+
+struct color {
+    uint8_t red;
+    uint8_t green;
+    uint8_t blue;
+};
+
+struct mem_entry {
+    uint64_t addr;
+    uint64_t len;
+    mem_type type;
+    uint32_t zero;
+};
+
+struct tag {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+};
+
+struct tag_string {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    char     string[0];
+};
+
+struct tag_module {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint32_t mod_start;
+    uint32_t mod_end;
+    char     cmdline[0];
+};
+
+struct tag_basic_meminfo {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint32_t mem_lower;
+    uint32_t mem_upper;
+};
+
+struct tag_bootdev {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint32_t biosdev;
+    uint32_t slice;
+    uint32_t part;
+};
+
+struct tag_mmap {
+    tag_type   type;
+    uint32_t   size;
+    uint32_t   entry_size;
+    uint32_t   entry_version;
+    mem_entry  entries[0];
+};
+
+struct vbe_info_block {
+    uint8_t external_specification[512];
+};
+
+struct vbe_mode_info_block {
+    uint8_t external_specification[256];
+};
+
+struct tag_vbe {
+    tag_type           type;
+    uint32_t           size;
+    uint16_t           vbe_mode;
+    uint16_t           vbe_interface_seg;
+    uint16_t           vbe_interface_off;
+    uint16_t           vbe_interface_len;
+    vbe_info_block     vbe_control_info;
+    vbe_mode_info_block vbe_mode_info;
+};
+
+
+struct tag_framebuffer {
+    tag_type         type;
+    uint32_t         size;
+    uint64_t         framebuffer_addr;
+    uint32_t         framebuffer_pitch;
+    uint32_t         framebuffer_width;
+    uint32_t         framebuffer_height;
+    uint8_t          framebuffer_bpp;
+    framebuffer_type framebuffer_type;
+    uint16_t         reserved;
+
+    union {
+        struct {
+            uint16_t framebuffer_palette_num_colors;
+            color    framebuffer_palette[0];
+        };
+        struct {
+            uint8_t framebuffer_red_field_position;
+            uint8_t framebuffer_red_mask_size;
+            uint8_t framebuffer_green_field_position;
+            uint8_t framebuffer_green_mask_size;
+            uint8_t framebuffer_blue_field_position;
+            uint8_t framebuffer_blue_mask_size;
+        };
+    };
+};
+
+struct tag_elf_sections {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint32_t num;
+    uint32_t entsize;
+    uint32_t shndx;
+    char     sections[0];
+};
+
+struct tag_apm {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint16_t version;
+    uint16_t cseg;
+    uint32_t offset;
+    uint16_t cseg_16;
+    uint16_t dseg;
+    uint16_t flags;
+    uint16_t cseg_len;
+    uint16_t cseg_16_len;
+    uint16_t dseg_len;
+};
+
+struct tag_efi32 {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint32_t pointer;
+};
+
+struct tag_efi64 {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint64_t pointer;
+};
+
+struct tag_smbios {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint8_t  major;
+    uint8_t  minor;
+    uint8_t  reserved[6];
+    uint8_t  tables[0];
+};
+
+struct tag_old_acpi {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint8_t  rsdp[0];
+};
+
+struct tag_new_acpi {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint8_t  rsdp[0];
+};
+
+struct tag_network {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint8_t  dhcpack[0];
+};
+
+struct tag_efi_mmap {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint32_t descr_size;
+    uint32_t descr_vers;
+    uint8_t  efi_mmap[0];
+};
+
+struct tag_efi32_ih {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint32_t pointer;
+};
+
+struct tag_efi64_ih {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint64_t pointer;
+};
+
+struct tag_load_base_addr {
+    tag_type type;
+    uint32_t size;
+    uint32_t load_base_addr;
+};
+
+struct info {
+    uint32_t total_size;
+    uint32_t reserved;
+};
+
+inline info* get_multiboot_info() {
+    auto addr = read_symbol("__multiboot_info");
+    uint32_t phys = *paddr_t{addr}.access<uint32_t>();
+    return paddr_t{phys}.access<info>();
+}
+
+template<typename Fn>
+void visit(const tag* t, Fn&& fn) {
+#define MB_DISPATCH(tag_enum, TagType) \
+    case tag_type::tag_enum: \
+        if constexpr (requires { fn(static_cast<const TagType*>(nullptr)); }) \
+            fn(reinterpret_cast<const TagType*>(t)); \
+        break;
+
+    switch (t->type) {
+        MB_DISPATCH(cmdline,          tag_string)
+        MB_DISPATCH(boot_loader_name, tag_string)
+        MB_DISPATCH(module,           tag_module)
+        MB_DISPATCH(basic_meminfo,    tag_basic_meminfo)
+        MB_DISPATCH(bootdev,          tag_bootdev)
+        MB_DISPATCH(mmap,             tag_mmap)
+        MB_DISPATCH(vbe,              tag_vbe)
+        MB_DISPATCH(framebuffer,      tag_framebuffer)
+        MB_DISPATCH(elf_sections,     tag_elf_sections)
+        MB_DISPATCH(apm,              tag_apm)
+        MB_DISPATCH(efi32,            tag_efi32)
+        MB_DISPATCH(efi64,            tag_efi64)
+        MB_DISPATCH(smbios,           tag_smbios)
+        MB_DISPATCH(acpi_old,         tag_old_acpi)
+        MB_DISPATCH(acpi_new,         tag_new_acpi)
+        MB_DISPATCH(network,          tag_network)
+        MB_DISPATCH(efi_mmap,         tag_efi_mmap)
+        MB_DISPATCH(efi32_ih,         tag_efi32_ih)
+        MB_DISPATCH(efi64_ih,         tag_efi64_ih)
+        MB_DISPATCH(load_base_addr,   tag_load_base_addr)
+        default: break;
+    }
+
+#undef MB_DISPATCH
+}
+
+template<typename Fn>
+void visit_all(const info* mb, Fn&& fn) {
+    auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(mb) + sizeof(info);
+    const auto end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(mb) + mb->total_size;
+    while (ptr < end) {
+        auto t = reinterpret_cast<const tag*>(ptr);
+        if (t->type == tag_type::end) break;
+        visit(t, fn);
+        ptr += (t->size + alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename Fn>
+void visit_all(Fn&& fn) {
+    visit_all(get_multiboot_info(), fn);
+}
+} // namespace multiboot

kernel/include/init/print.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+enum class Color : uint8_t {
+    Black        =  0,
+    Blue         =  1,
+    Green        =  2,
+    Cyan         =  3,
+    Red          =  4,
+    Magenta      =  5,
+    Brown        =  6,
+    LightGray    =  7,
+    DarkGray     =  8,
+    LightBlue    =  9,
+    LightGreen   = 10,
+    LightCyan    = 11,
+    LightRed     = 12,
+    LightMagenta = 13,
+    Yellow       = 14,
+    White        = 15,
+};
+
+struct TextAttr {
+    Color fg;
+    Color bg;
+
+    constexpr TextAttr(Color fg = Color::White, Color bg = Color::Black) : fg(fg), bg(bg) {}
+
+    // Returns the attribute in the high byte, ready to OR with a character value.
+    constexpr uint16_t word() const {
+        return (uint16_t)(((uint8_t)bg << 4) | (uint8_t)fg) << 8;
+    }
+};
+
+void clear();
+void print(const char* str, TextAttr attr = {});
+void print_dec(uint64_t value, TextAttr attr = {});
+void print_hex(uint64_t value, TextAttr attr = {});

kernel/include/memory/pointer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "util/number.h"
+
+constexpr uint64_t high_base = 0xFFFF800000000000;
+
+#define read_symbol(symbol) [](){uint64_t res; asm volatile("movabsq $" symbol ", %0": "=r"(res)); return res;}()
+
+struct paddr_t {
+uint64_t address;
+
+template<typename T>
+T* access() {
+    return reinterpret_cast<T*>(address+high_base);
+}
+
+};
+
+inline void* operator new(size_t, void* p) {
+    return p;
+}
+
+inline void* operator new[](size_t, void* p) {
+    return p;
+}
+
+inline void* memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, size_t n) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        ((uint8_t*) dest)[i] = ((uint8_t*) src)[i];
+    }
+    return dest;
+}
+
+inline void* memset(void* dest, int c, size_t n) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        ((uint8_t*) dest)[i] = (uint8_t) c;
+    }
+    return dest;
+}

kernel/include/memory/sections.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "memory/pointer.h"
+
+struct KernelSection {
+    uint64_t vma_start;
+    uint64_t vma_end;
+    const char* name;
+
+    paddr_t phys_start() const { return paddr_t{vma_start >= high_base ? vma_start - high_base : vma_start}; }
+    paddr_t phys_end()   const { return paddr_t{vma_end   >= high_base ? vma_end   - high_base : vma_end};   }
+};
+
+extern KernelSection __reserved_ranges_start__[], __reserved_ranges_end__[];
+
+template<typename Fn>
+void for_each_reserved_section(Fn&& fn) {
+    for (auto* s = __reserved_ranges_start__; s < __reserved_ranges_end__; ++s)
+        fn(*s);
+}

kernel/include/util/function.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+template<typename... Ts>
+struct overloaded : Ts... {
+    using Ts::operator()...;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts>
+overloaded(Ts...) -> overloaded<Ts...>;

kernel/include/util/number.h

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+using size_t = uint64_t;
+using ssize_t = int64_t;

kernel/iso/boot/grub/grub.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+set timeout=0
+set default=0
+
+menuentry "PrOSess" {
+    multiboot2 /boot/kernel.bin
+    boot
+}

kernel/linker.ld

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+
+ENTRY(__start)
+
+MEMORY
+{
+    MULTIBOOT_HEADER_PV : ORIGIN = 16k, LENGTH = 4k
+    TRAMPOLINE_PV : ORIGIN = 0x0, LENGTH = 16k
+    START_MEMORY_PV : ORIGIN = 20k, LENGTH = 44k
+
+    KERNEL_MEMORY_P : ORIGIN = 64k, LENGTH = (1024M - ORIGIN(KERNEL_MEMORY_P))
+
+    HIGH_KERNEL_V : ORIGIN = 0xFFFF800000000000 + 64k, LENGTH = LENGTH(KERNEL_MEMORY_P)
+}
+
+SECTIONS
+{
+    .boot : {
+        __boot_start__ = .;
+        KEEP(*(.multiboot_header))
+        __boot_end__ = .;
+    } > MULTIBOOT_HEADER_PV
+    .startup_text : {
+            __startup_text_start__ = .;
+            *(.startup_text)
+            __startup_text_end__ = .;
+    } > START_MEMORY_PV
+    .startup_data : {
+        __startup_data_start__ = .;
+        KEEP(*(.startup_data))
+        __startup_data_end__ = .;
+    } > START_MEMORY_PV
+    .text : {
+        __text_start__ = .;
+        *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*trampoline*) .text)
+        __text_end__ = .;
+    } > HIGH_KERNEL_V AT > KERNEL_MEMORY_P
+    .rodata : {
+        __rodata_start__ = .;
+        *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*trampoline*) .rodata)
+        __rodata_end__ = .;
+    } > HIGH_KERNEL_V AT > KERNEL_MEMORY_P
+    .data : {
+        __data_start__ = .;
+        *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*trampoline*) .data)
+        __data_end__ = .;
+    } > HIGH_KERNEL_V AT > KERNEL_MEMORY_P
+    .bss : {
+        __bss_start__ = .;
+        *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*trampoline*) .bss)
+        __bss_end__ = .;
+    } > HIGH_KERNEL_V AT > KERNEL_MEMORY_P
+    .reserved_ranges : {
+        __reserved_ranges_start__ = .;
+        KEEP(*(.reserved_ranges))
+        __reserved_ranges_end__ = .;
+    } > HIGH_KERNEL_V AT > KERNEL_MEMORY_P
+
+    .trampoline_text : {
+        __trampoline_text_start__ = .;
+        *trampoline*(.text)
+        __trampoline_text_end__ = .;
+    } > TRAMPOLINE_PV
+
+    .trampoline_data : {
+        __trampoline_data_start__ = .;
+        *trampoline*(.data)
+        __trampoline_data_end__ = .;
+    } > TRAMPOLINE_PV
+
+    .trampoline_bss : {
+        __trampoline_bss_start__ = .;
+        *trampoline*(.bss)
+        __trampoline_bss_end__ = .;
+    } > TRAMPOLINE_PV
+
+    .trampoline_rodata : {
+        __trampoline_rodata_start__ = .;
+        *trampoline*(.rodata)
+        __trampoline_rodata_end__ = .;
+    } > TRAMPOLINE_PV
+
+    /DISCARD/ : {
+        *(.comment)
+        *(.eh_frame)
+        *(.note)
+        *(.note.gnu.build-id)
+    }
+}
+

kernel/src/init/init.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include "memory/pointer.h"
+#include "memory/sections.h"
+#include "init/init.h"
+#include "init/multiboot2.h"
+#include "init/print.h"
+
+[[maybe_unused]] [[noreturn]] __attribute__((used)) static void halt() {
+    while (true) __asm__ volatile ("");
+}
+
+[[maybe_unused]] [[noreturn]] __attribute__((used)) static void panic(const char* msg) {
+    print(msg, TextAttr{Color::Red, Color::Black});
+    halt();
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static void step(const char* name, T&& fn) {
+    print("Starting ", {});
+    print(name, {});
+    print("\n", {});
+    fn();
+    print("Finished ", {});
+    print(name, {});
+    print("\n", {});
+}
+
+static void loadMultiboot() {
+    multiboot::visit_all(overloaded{
+        [](const multiboot::tag_mmap* mem) {
+            print("Tag Memory\n", {});
+        },
+        [](const multiboot::tag_string* str) {
+            print("Tag String (0x", {});
+            print_hex(static_cast<uint64_t>(str->type), {});
+            print("): ", {});
+            print(str->string, {});
+            print("\n", {});
+        },
+        [](const auto* tag) {
+            print("Tag (0x", {});
+            print_hex(static_cast<uint64_t>(tag->type), {});
+            print(")\n", {});
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+[[maybe_unused]] [[noreturn]] __attribute__((used)) void init() {
+    print("Reached init\n", {});
+    //step("multiboot", loadMultiboot);
+    halt();
+}

kernel/src/init/print.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#include "init/print.h"
+#include "memory/pointer.h"
+
+static constexpr uint64_t VGA_PHYS_BASE   = 0xb8000;
+static constexpr int      VGA_COLS        = 80;
+static constexpr int      VGA_ROWS        = 25;
+static constexpr int      BYTES_PER_CELL  = 2;
+static constexpr int      BYTES_PER_ROW   = VGA_COLS * BYTES_PER_CELL;
+static constexpr int      HEX_BITS        = 4;
+static constexpr int      HEX_TOP_SHIFT   = (sizeof(uint64_t) * 8) - HEX_BITS;
+
+static const char hex_chars[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+
+static volatile uint32_t* cursor() {
+    auto cursor_addr = read_symbol("__cursor");
+    return paddr_t{cursor_addr}.access<volatile uint32_t>();
+}
+
+static volatile uint16_t* vga_cell(uint32_t offset) {
+    return paddr_t{VGA_PHYS_BASE + offset}.access<volatile uint16_t>();
+}
+
+static void next_line() {
+    *cursor() = ((*cursor() + BYTES_PER_ROW - 1) / BYTES_PER_ROW) * BYTES_PER_ROW;
+}
+
+static void put_char(char ch, uint16_t attr_word) {
+    if (ch == '\n') {
+        next_line();
+        return;
+    }
+    *vga_cell(*cursor()) = attr_word | (uint8_t)ch;
+    *cursor() += BYTES_PER_CELL;
+}
+
+void clear() {
+    *cursor() = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < VGA_COLS * VGA_ROWS; i++) {
+        *vga_cell(i * BYTES_PER_CELL) = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void print(const char* str, TextAttr attr) {
+    uint16_t w = attr.word();
+    while (*str) {
+        put_char(*str++, w);
+    }
+}
+
+void print_dec(uint64_t value, TextAttr attr) {
+    uint16_t w = attr.word();
+    if (value == 0) {
+        put_char('0', w);
+        return;
+    }
+    char buf[20];
+    int len = 0;
+    while (value > 0) {
+        buf[len++] = '0' + (value % 10);
+        value /= 10;
+    }
+    for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        put_char(buf[i], w);
+    }
+}
+
+void print_hex(uint64_t value, TextAttr attr) {
+    uint16_t w = attr.word();
+    put_char('0', w);
+    put_char('x', w);
+    bool leading = true;
+    for (int shift = HEX_TOP_SHIFT; shift >= 0; shift -= HEX_BITS) {
+        uint8_t nibble = (value >> shift) & 0xF;
+        if (leading && nibble == 0 && shift > 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        leading = false;
+        put_char(hex_chars[nibble], w);
+    }
+}

kernel/src/init/sections.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "memory/sections.h"
+
+#define RESERVE_SECTION(n) \
+    extern char __##n##_start__[], __##n##_end__[]; \
+    [[maybe_unused]] static const KernelSection _rsv_##n \
+    __attribute__((section(".reserved_ranges"), used)) = { \
+        (uint64_t)__##n##_start__, \
+        (uint64_t)__##n##_end__, \
+        #n \
+    }
+
+RESERVE_SECTION(boot);
+RESERVE_SECTION(startup_text);
+RESERVE_SECTION(startup_data);
+RESERVE_SECTION(text);
+RESERVE_SECTION(rodata);
+RESERVE_SECTION(data);
+RESERVE_SECTION(bss);
+[[maybe_unused]] static const KernelSection _rsv_reserved_ranges
+__attribute__((section(".reserved_ranges"), used)) = {
+    (uint64_t)__reserved_ranges_start__,
+    (uint64_t)__reserved_ranges_end__,
+    "reserved_ranges"
+};
+RESERVE_SECTION(trampoline_text);
+RESERVE_SECTION(trampoline_data);
+RESERVE_SECTION(trampoline_bss);
+RESERVE_SECTION(trampoline_rodata);

kernel/src/startup/entry.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+#include "init/init.h"
+
+extern "C" [[maybe_unused]] [[noreturn]] __attribute__((used)) void __entry64() {
+    init();
+    while (true) __asm__ volatile ("");
+}
+
+asm(R"(
+.global __start
+
+.section .startup_text, "ax"
+.type __start, @function
+.code32
+.align 16
+__start:
+    cli
+    mov $__start_stack_end, %esp
+    mov %ebx, __multiboot_info
+    call __clear
+    mov $__hello_string, %esi
+    call __print
+    call __check_if_x64
+    call __go_to_x64
+    jmp __stop32
+__stop32:
+    hlt
+    jmp __stop32
+
+__x64_not_supported:
+    mov $__x64_not_supported_string, %esi
+    call __print
+    jmp __stop32
+
+__check_if_x64:
+    pushfl
+    pop %eax
+    mov %eax, %ecx
+    xor $(1 << 21), %eax
+    push %eax
+    popfl
+    pushfl
+    pop %eax
+    push %ecx
+    popfl
+    cmp %eax, %ecx
+    je __x64_not_supported
+
+    mov $0x80000000, %eax
+    cpuid
+    cmp $0x80000001, %eax
+    jb __x64_not_supported
+    mov $0x80000001, %eax
+    cpuid
+    test $(1 << 29), %edx
+    jz __x64_not_supported
+    mov $__x64_supported_string, %esi
+    call __print
+    ret
+
+__go_to_x64:
+    push %ebx
+    mov $__page_level_4, %eax
+    mov %eax, %cr3
+
+    mov %cr4, %eax
+    or $(0x1 << 5), %eax
+    mov %eax, %cr4
+
+    mov $0xC0000080, %ecx
+    rdmsr
+    or $(0x1 << 8), %eax
+    wrmsr
+
+    mov %cr0, %eax
+    or $(0x1 << 31), %eax
+    mov %eax, %cr0
+
+    pop %edi
+
+    lgdt __gdt_end
+    jmp $0b1000, $__start64
+
+    jmp __stop32
+
+.code64
+.align 16
+__start64:
+    mov $0b10000, %ax
+    mov %ax, %ds
+    mov %ax, %es
+    mov %ax, %fs
+    mov %ax, %gs
+    mov %ax, %ss
+    movabsq $__start64_high, %rax
+    jmp* %rax
+__stop64:
+    hlt
+    jmp __stop64
+
+.section .text
+.type __start64_high, @function
+.code64
+.align 16
+__start64_high:
+    call __entry64
+    hlt
+    jmp __start64_high
+)");
+
+// data section
+asm(R"(
+.global __multiboot_info
+.global __cursor
+.section .startup_data, "aw"
+__cursor:
+    .int 0x0
+__hello_string:
+    .string "Starting PrOSess! 32bit start!\n"
+__x64_not_supported_string:
+    .string "x64 is not supported!\n"
+__x64_supported_string:
+    .string "x64 is supported!\n"
+__multiboot_info:
+    .long 0x0
+
+__start_stack:
+    .skip 0x1000
+    .align 8
+__start_stack_end:
+    .quad 0
+)");
+
+// string operation section
+asm(R"(
+.section .startup_text, "ax"
+.code32
+.align 16
+__clear:
+    movl $0, (__cursor)
+    mov $0x0, %eax
+    mov $0xb8000, %edi
+    mov $0x2000, %ecx
+    rep stosw
+    ret
+
+__print:
+    mov $0xB8000, %edi
+    add (__cursor), %edi
+__print_loop:
+    mov (%esi), %al
+    mov $0x0F, %ah
+    cmp $0, %al
+    je __print_end
+    cmp $'\n', %al
+    je __print_next_line
+    mov %ax, (%edi)
+    add $2, %edi
+    add $1, %esi
+    jmp __print_loop
+__print_next_line:
+    sub $0xB8000, %edi
+    mov %edi, (__cursor)
+    add $0xB8000, %edi
+    call __next_line
+    mov $0xB8000, %edi
+    add (__cursor), %edi
+    add $1, %esi
+    jmp __print_loop
+__print_end:
+    sub $0xB8000, %edi
+    mov %edi, (__cursor)
+    ret
+
+__next_line:
+    push %eax
+    push %ecx
+    mov (__cursor), %eax
+
+    leal    159(%eax), %ecx
+    movl    $1717986919, %eax
+    imull   %ecx
+    sarl    $31, %ecx
+    sarl    $6, %edx
+    subl    %ecx, %edx
+    leal    (%edx,%edx,4), %eax
+    sall    $5, %eax
+
+    mov %eax, (__cursor)
+    pop %ecx
+    pop %eax
+    ret
+)");
+
+// tmp page table
+asm(R"(
+.section .startup_data, "aw"
+.align 0x1000
+__page_level_4:
+    .quad __page_level_3_low_1gb_identity_map + ((1 << 0) | (1 << 1))
+    .zero 0x7F8
+    .quad __page_level_3_kernel_1gb_identity_map + ((1 << 0) | (1 << 1))
+    .zero 0x7F8
+
+.align 0x1000
+__page_level_3_low_1gb_identity_map:
+    .quad (1 << 0) | (1 << 1) | (1 << 7) | 0x0
+    .zero 0xFF8 # rest of table is 0
+
+.align 0x1000
+__page_level_3_kernel_1gb_identity_map:
+    .quad (1 << 0) | (1 << 1) | (1 << 7) | 0x0
+    .zero 0xFF8 # rest of table is 0
+)");
+
+// startup gdt
+asm(R"(
+.section .startup_data, "aw"
+.align 0x1000
+__gdt:
+    .quad 0
+    .quad (1 << 43) | (1 << 44) | (1 << 47) | (1 << 53) # code segment
+    .quad (1 << 41) | (1 << 44) | (1 << 47) # data segment
+.align 0x1000
+__gdt_end:
+    .word __gdt_end - __gdt - 1
+    .quad __gdt
+)");

kernel/src/startup/multiboot.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+asm(R"(
+.global __multiboot_header
+.section .multiboot_header, "a"
+
+.align 8
+__multiboot_header:
+    .int 0xe85250d6 # multiboot2
+    .int 0 # protected mode i386
+    .int __multiboot_header_end - __multiboot_header
+    .int 0x100000000 - (0xe85250d6 + 0 + (__multiboot_header_end - __multiboot_header))
+
+    .word 0
+    .word 0
+    .int 8
+__multiboot_header_end:
+)");

run.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+
+bear --output "$SCRIPT_DIR/compile_commands.json" -- make -C "$SCRIPT_DIR/kernel" all || exit 1
+mkdir -p "$SCRIPT_DIR/testenv/dist"
+cp "$SCRIPT_DIR/kernel/output/kernel.iso" "$SCRIPT_DIR/testenv/dist/kernel.iso"
+cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/testenv" || exit 1
+
+CPU="-cpu Opteron_G1-v1,pdpe1gb=on"
+
+if [ "$1" = "debug" ]; then
+    qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -readconfig qemuConfig.cfg $CPU -s -S -daemonize
+else
+    qemu-system-x86_64 -nodefaults -readconfig qemuConfig.cfg $CPU
+fi

testenv/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+dist/
+image_file
+dump.dat

testenv/qemuConfig.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+[machine]
+type = "q35"
+[memory]
+size = "6144"
+[device "ich9-pcie-port-1"]
+driver = "ioh3420"
+multifunction = "on"
+bus = "pcie.0"
+addr = "1c.0"
+port = "1"
+chassis = "1"
+[device "ich9-pcie-port-2"]
+driver = "ioh3420"
+multifunction = "on"
+bus = "pcie.0"
+addr = "1c.1"
+port = "2"
+chassis = "2"
+[device "ich9-pcie-port-3"]
+driver = "ioh3420"
+multifunction = "on"
+bus = "pcie.0"
+addr = "1c.2"
+port = "3"
+chassis = "3"
+[device "ich9-pcie-port-4"]
+driver = "ioh3420"
+multifunction = "on"
+bus = "pcie.0"
+addr = "1c.3"
+port = "4"
+chassis = "4"
+[device "ich9-pci-bridge"]
+driver = "i82801b11-bridge"
+bus = "pcie.0"
+addr = "1e.0"
+[device "usbDevice"]
+driver = "qemu-xhci"
+bus = "pcie.0"
+addr = "1d.0"
+[device "video"]
+driver = "virtio-vga"
+bus = "pcie.0"
+addr = "01.0"
+[device "sata-optical-disk"]
+driver = "ide-cd"
+bus = "ide.0"
+drive = "optical-disk"
+bootindex = "1"
+[drive "optical-disk"]
+file = "dist/kernel.iso"
+format = "raw"
+if = "none"
+[device "sata-disk"]
+driver = "ide-hd"
+bus = "ide.1"
+drive = "disk"
+bootindex = "2"
+[drive "disk"]
+file = "image_file"
+format = "raw"
+if = "none"
+[smp-opts]
+cpus = "4"
+cores = "4"
+threads = "1"
+sockets = "1"
+[device "usb-kbd"]
+driver = "usb-kbd"
+bus = "usbDevice.0"
+[netdev "n1"]
+type = "user"
+hostfwd = "udp:127.0.0.1:1234-:1234"
+hostfwd = "tcp:127.0.0.1:1234-:1234"
+[object "net-dump"]
+qom-type = "filter-dump"
+netdev = "n1"
+file = "dump.dat"
+[device "nic"]
+driver = "e1000e"
+netdev = "n1"